Battling Burnout: Raising Resilience in Education. Chiropractic Educators Research Forum (CERF), December 2, 2023.

This conference was convened by the Chiropractic Educators Research Forum (CERF) on December 2, 2023. This conference took a closer look at what chiropractic programs are doing to identify burnout and build student, faculty, and staff resilience in the psychosocial domain. During the meeting, presenters and panelists took an in-depth look at research related to how chiropractic programs are addressing issues in mental health of students, faculty, and staff as this relates to burnout and resilience in the chiropractic program and practice.

La integración en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de las ciencias básicas biomédicas / Integration into the teaching-learning process of basic biomedical sciences

Introducción: estudiar la realidad educativa en el campo de la integración de los contenidos permite diseñar acciones para perfeccionar el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje en las universidades. Objetivo: fundamentar las bases teóricas que sustentan la integración en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de las ciencias básicas biomédicas, así como aspectos relativos a su concepción. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre la integración de los contenidos, se consideraron artículos originales y de revisión publicados entre 2017 y 2022 en español, portugués e inglés, en revistas nacionales e internacionales indexadas y en bases de datos reconocidas: Scopus, Scielo y Google Académico. Fueron revisados 59 artículos y se seleccionaron 23. Las palabras claves utilizadas fueron: integración, enseñanza aprendizaje y ciencias básicas biomédicas. Desarrollo: la integración de los contenidos potencia el dominio de estos, unido al desarrollo de métodos investigativos y los impactos de la ciencia, la tecnología, la sociedad y el ambiente. El logro de un profesional preparado para desempeñarse con éxito depende del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje desarrollado por todas las asignaturas integralmente, desde lo académico, lo laboral y lo investigativo. La integración de las dimensiones esenciales: instructiva, educativa y desarrolladora promueve la motivación por el estudio y asegura la formación integral del estudiante. Conclusiones: la integración de las ciencias básicas biomédicas constituye una tarea de primer orden, el estudio y determinación de los referentes y fundamentos teórico-metodológicos que la sustentan requiere redimensionar su definición y la caracterización de integración en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje.

Introduction: studying the educational reality in the field of content integration allows us to designer actions to improve the teaching-learning process in universities. Objective: to support the theoretical bases that allows the integration in the teaching-learning process of basic biomedical sciences, as well as aspects related to its conception. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out on the integration of the contents, original and review articles published from 2017 to 2022 in Spanish, Portuguese, and English in indexed national and international journals and in recognized databases were considered: Scopus, Scielo and Academic google. 59 articles were reviewed and 23 were selected. The key words used were integration, teaching-learning and basic biomedical sciences. Development: the integration of content enhances their mastery, together with the development of researching methods and the impacts of science, technology, society, and the environment. The achievement of a professional prepared to perform successfully depends on the teaching-learning process developed by all subjects comprehensively, from academic, work and research. The integration of the essential dimensions: instructional, educational, and developmental promotes motivation for study and ensures the comprehensive training of the student. Conclusions: the integration of basic biomedical sciences constitutes a first-order task, the study and determination of the theoretical-methodological references and foundations that support it requires resizing its definition and the characterization of integration in the teaching-learning process.

Percepção discente a respeito da prática do estágio supervisionado / Student perception regarding the practice of supervised internship / Percepción del estudiante sobre la práctica de prácticas supervisadas

O estágio supervisionado é uma disciplina obrigatória para a formação e proporciona ao aluno vivenciar a prática profissional do enfermeiro. O objetivo foi avaliar a percepção do discente a respeito da prática do estágio supervisionado para a formação do enfermeiro. Pesquisa transversal, exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com acadêmicos do quinto ano do curso de enfermagem, de uma universidade pública do interior do Paraná. A coleta ocorreu em junho/2019 por meio de um roteiro semiestruturado. Os dados foram analisados pela análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2011). Dez alunas participaram da pesquisa. A partir da análise dos dados emanaram duas categorias: categoria 1 - desenvolvendo habilidades e competências e categoria 2 - aprendendo com as dificuldades. O estágio supervisionado permite ao acadêmico ampliar a visão do papel do enfermeiro nos aspectos assistencial e gerencial. Estas situações colocam à prova a capacidade do acadêmico lançar mão de competências para a resolução de problemas, de estar aberto a capacidade de aprender a aprender, e de tornar-se um enfermeiro autônomo e independente.

The supervised internship is a mandatory subject for training and allows the student to experience the professional practice of nurses. The objective was to evaluate the student's perception regarding the practice of supervised training for nursing education. Cross-sectional, exploratory research with a qualitative approach, carried out with fifth-year nursing students from a public university in the interior of Paraná. The collection took place in June/2019 through a semi-structured script. Data were analyzed using Bardin's (2011) content analysis. Ten students participated in the research. From the data analysis, two categories emerged: category 1 - developing skills and competences and category 2 - learning from difficulties. The supervised internship allows the student to broaden the view of the nurse's role in care and management aspects. These situations put to the test the ability of the academic to use skills to solve problems, to be open to the ability to learn to learn, and to become an autonomous and independent nurse.

La pasantía tutelada es una asignatura obligatoria de formación y permite al estudiante experimentar el ejercicio profesional de la enfermería. El objetivo fue evaluar la percepción del estudiante sobre la práctica de la pasantía supervisada para la formación de enfermería. Investigación transversal, exploratoria, con enfoque cualitativo, realizada con estudiantes de quinto año de enfermería de una universidad pública del interior de Paraná. La recopilación se realizó en junio/2019 a través de un guión semiestructurado. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el análisis de contenido de Bardin (2011). Diez estudiantes participaron en la investigación. Del análisis de datos surgieron dos categorías: categoría 1 - desarrollo de habilidades y competencias y categoría 2 - aprendizaje de las dificultades. La práctica tutelada permite al estudiante ampliar la visión del rol del enfermero en los aspectos asistenciales y de gestión. Estas situaciones ponen a prueba la capacidad del académico para utilizar habilidades de resolución de problemas, estar abierto a la capacidad de aprender a aprender y convertirse en una enfermera autónoma e independiente.

Conocimientos de vicecoordinadores docentes sobre la superación profesional. Estado Táchira, Venezuela, I trimestre de 2020

Fundamento: La labor docente en la Misión Médica Cubana en Venezuela está encaminada a garantizar el cumplimiento de las exigencias y necesidades sociales en la formación de profesionales en pre y posgrado, orientada a la preparación de los profesores y a la ejecución del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje con bases sólidas. Objetivo: Identificar los conocimientos que poseen los coordinadores docentes relacionados con los procedimientos metodológicos de la superación profesional en el Estado Táchira de Venezuela, en el I Trimestre de 2020. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal sobre superación profesional durante el primer trimestre de 2022 que incluyó los 25 vicecoordinadores docentes nombrados en las Áreas de Salud Integral Comunitaria de la Misión Barrio Adentro del Estado Táchira. Se diseñó y aplicó un cuestionario encaminado a medir conocimientos sobre procedimientos metodológicos de superación profesional. Resultados: Se observaron dificultades en la identificación de las necesidades de aprendizaje, con relación a otras formas organizativas de superación, modalidades de las actividades de posgrado, comparecencia del cuerpo docente y de evaluación final. Conclusiones: La caracterización realizada permitió determinar las necesidades de aprendizaje, principalmente en el área de la didáctica general y fundamenta la necesidad de elaborar para su ejecución un programa de superación profesional dirigido a los docentes noveles.

Background: The teaching labor for the Cuban Medical Mission in Venezuela is aimed to guarantee the accomplishment of the demands and social needs for professionals in undergraduate and postgraduate preparation, oriented to the preparation of teachers and to the execution with solid foundations of the teaching and learning process. Objective: To identify the knowledge possessed by the teaching coordinators related to the methodological procedures in professional upgrading in Táchira State, Venezuela, during the first quarter in 2020. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted about professional upgrading, and included the 25 teaching vice coordinators named in the Integral Community Health Areas of the Barrio Adentro Mission in the Táchira State. A questionnaire was designed and applied in order to measure knowledge on professional upgrading methodological procedures. Results: Difficulties were observed in the learning needs identification, in relation to other organizational forms of improvement, modalities of postgraduate activities, teaching staff appearance and final evaluation. Conclusions: The conducted characterization made it possible to determine the learning needs, mainly in the general didactic area and substantiates the necessity to elaborate for its execution, a professional upgrading program for novice teachers.

What does consumer and community involvement in health-related education look like? A mixed methods study.

Consumer and community involvement (also referred to as patient and public involvement) in health-related curricula involves actively partnering with people with lived experience of health and social care systems. While health professions education has a long history of interaction with patients or consumers, a shift in the way consumer and community engage in health-related education has created novel opportunities for mutual relationships valuing lived experience expertise and shifting traditional education power relations. Drawing on a mixed methods design, we explored consumer and community involvement practices in the design and delivery of health-related education using the capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour framework (COM-B). In our results, we describe educator capabilities, opportunities and motivations, including identifying barriers and enablers to consumer and community involvement in health-related education. Educators have varying philosophical reasons and approaches for involving consumers and community. There is a focus on augmenting student learning through inclusion of lived and living experience, and on mutual transformative learning through embedding lived experience and co-creating learning. How these philosophical positionings and motivations shape the degree by which educators involve consumers and community members in health-related curricula is important for further understanding these educational partnerships within universities.

Keeping It Real: Practice Relevant Education. Chiropractic Educators Research Forum (CERF), June 24, 2023.

This conference was convened by the Chiropractic Educators Research Forum (CERF) on June 24, 2023. This meeting provided a forum for the presentation of scholarly works in education theory and practice. This conference specifically focused on research related to developing competency in practice-relevant skills, knowledge, and attitudes. As educators, we help our students develop their cognitive, psychomotor, and affective abilities. Throughout this process, we must keep in mind what we are producing: health care providers. Our graduates must demonstrate competency in relevant knowledge, skills, and attitudes to practicing health care in a professional and evidence-based manner (ie, intersection of best evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values). Therefore, integrating practice-relevant skills, knowledge, and attitudes is essential throughout our programs. During the June 2023 CERF meeting, presenters and panelists took an in-depth look at education research and how chiropractic programs work to deliver practice-relevant education.

¿Operarios impasibles? Desafíos de la educación y la experiencia médico paciente en relación con la inteligencia artificial / Impersonal Operators?

El presente ensayo explora diversas perspectivas y preocupaciones relacionadas con el impacto de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la experiencia médico paciente y la educación. El ensayo combina reflexiones narrativas y análisis crítico del problema, utilizando como recurso la novela "Fahrenheit 451" de Ray Bradbury. El autor plantea que la IA, representada, entre otros desarrollos, por los modelos de lenguaje de gran tamaño (Large Language Models ­ LLMs) como ChatGPT, tiene un impacto significativo en la medicina y la educación. A partir de la novela descrita propone preguntas fundamentales en relación con los atributos que constituyen la experiencia médicopaciente, la práctica profesional y, en general, la experiencia humana. Se analizan algunas diferencias entre los modos de razonamiento de seres humanos y sistemas algorítmicos, y se insiste en la importancia de preservar los atributos humanos en la interacción con la inteligencia artificial, como el rol de las emociones y la reflexión crítica. El artículo afirma la importancia de promover prácticas educativas fundadas en la deliberación sobre valores, el pensamiento crítico y la pedagogía sentimental, como alternativas a una relación automática con la tecnología, como expresión de una pérdida de sentido y significado: el nihilismo automático

This essay explores various perspectives and concerns related to the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the doctor-patient relationship and education. The essay combines narrative reflections and critical analysis of the issue, using Ray Bradbury's novel "Fahrenheit 451" as a resource. The author argues that AI, represented by developments such as Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, has a significant impact on medicine and education. Drawing from the described novel, fundamental questions are posed regarding the attributes that constitute the doctor patient experience, professional practice, and the overall human experience. Some differences between human reasoning and algorithmic systems are analyzed, emphasizing the importance of preserving human attributes in interactions with artificial intelligence, such as the role of emotions and critical reflection. The article asserts the importance of promoting educational practices grounded in deliberation on values, critical thinking, and sentimental pedagogy as alternatives relationship with technology, as an expression of a loss of meaning and significance: automatic nihilism.

Long-Term Career Earnings in Academia Might Offset the Opportunity Cost of Full-Time PhD and Postdoctoral Education for Physical Therapists Who Hold a Doctor of Physical Therapy Degree.

OBJECTIVE: Rigorously trained physical therapy researchers are essential for the generation of knowledge that guides the profession. However, there is a current and projected dearth of physical therapy researchers capable of sustaining research programs in part due to perceived financial barriers associated with pursuit of a doctor of philosophy (PhD) degree, with and without postdoctoral training, following doctor of physical therapy (DPT) degree completion. This study aimed to evaluate the financial impact of PhD and postdoctoral training, including opportunity cost, years to break even, and long-term earnings. METHODS: Clinical and academic salaries were obtained via the 2016 APTA Median Income of Physical Therapist Summary Report and 2019 CAPTE Annual Accreditation Report. Salaries were adjusted to total compensation to account for benefits and compared over a 30-year period starting after DPT education. Total compensations were also adjusted to the present value, placing greater weight on early career earnings due to inflation and potential investments. RESULTS: Relative to work as a clinical physical therapist, 4 years of PhD training result in an earnings deficit of $264,854 rising to $357,065 after 2 years of additional postdoctoral training. These deficits do not persist as evidenced by a clinical physical therapist career earning $449,372 less than a nonmajority scholarship academic career (DPT to PhD to academia pathway) and $698,704 less than a majority scholarship academic career (DPT to PhD to postdoctoral training to academia pathway) over a 30-year period. Greater long-term earnings for PhD careers persist when adjusting to present value. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is an initial opportunity cost of PhD and postdoctoral training represented by a relative earnings deficit, advanced research training results in greater long-term earnings. IMPACT: The findings of this study allow physical therapists interested in pursuing PhD and postdoctoral training to be better informed about the associated financial ramifications.

Estrategia de superación profesional para potenciar la cultura informacional del docente universitario con el uso de herramientas infotecnológicas / Professional development strategy for the improvement of the information culture of university teachers through the use of information technology tools

Fundamento: La cultura informacional en las universidades desarrolla en los docentes universitarios buenas prácticas educativas con el uso de la información mediante herramientas infotecnológicas. Objetivo: Proponer una estrategia de superación profesional para potenciar la cultura informacional del docente universitario, con el uso de herramientas infotecnológicas. Metodología: Investigación pedagógica realizada en la universidad de Sancti Spíritus "José Martí Pérez" durante el periodo de tiempo comprendido entre el año 2020 y el 2021. Se utilizó el método histórico lógico y el inductivo deductivo para determinar los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos que sustentan la cultura informacional en el proceso de superación profesional. La modelación, además de permitir estructurar la estrategia que se propone; permitió determinar los objetivos, etapas y la selección de las formas organizativas de las acciones propuestas. El criterio de expertos para evaluar la pertinencia de la propuesta mediante la comparación por pares. Resultados: Una estrategia de superación profesional estructurada en 4 etapas (diagnóstico, planeación estratégica, instrumentación, evaluación), que sustentada en el uso de herramientas infotecnológicas se orienta a potenciar la cultura informacional del docente universitario. Conclusiones: La estrategia de superación profesional propuesta resulta viable para potenciar la cultura informacional del docente universitario; la misma tiene una adecuada correspondencia entre sus etapas y acciones, los fundamentos y exigencias pedagógicas.

Background: The information culture in universities develops in university teachers good pedagogical practices with the use of information through info-technological tools. Objective: To propose a professional improvement strategy to enhance the information culture of university teachers through the use of information technology tools. Methodology: Pedagogical research conducted at the University of Sancti Spíritus "José Martí Pérez" during the period from 2020 to 2021. The historical-logical and inductive-deductive methods were used to determine the theoretical and methodological foundations that support the information culture in the professional development process. Modeling not only allowed the proposed strategy to be structured, but also allowed the objectives to be defined, stages and the selection of organizational forms for the proposed actions. Expert assessment of the proposal's relevance through peer comparison. Results: A professional development strategy structured in 4 stages (diagnosis, strategic planning, instrumentation, evaluation), based on the use of information technology tools, aimed at reinforcing the information culture of university teachers. Conclusions: The proposed professional development strategy is feasible to promote the information culture of university teachers; it has an adequate correspondence between its stages and actions, the pedagogical foundations and requirements.

Effectiveness of a critical reflection competency program for clinical nurse educators: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Critical reflection is an effective learning strategy that enhances clinical nurses' reflective practice and professionalism. Therefore, training programs for nurse educators should be implemented so that critical reflection can be applied to nursing education. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a critical reflection competency program for clinical nurse educators on improving critical thinking disposition, nursing reflection competency, and teaching efficacy. METHODS: A pilot study was conducted using a pre- and post-test control-group design. Participants were clinical nurse educators recruited using a convenience sampling method. The program was conducted once a week for 90 min, with a total of four sessions. The effectiveness of the developed program was verified by analyzing pre- and post-test results of 26 participants in the intervention group and 27 participants in the control group, respectively. The chi-square test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and analysis of covariance with age as a covariate were conducted. RESULTS: The critical thinking disposition and teaching efficacy of the intervention group improved after the program, and the differences between the control and intervention groups were statistically significant (F = 14.751, p < 0.001; F = 11.047, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the change in nursing reflection competency between the two groups (F = 2.674, p = 0.108). CONCLUSION: The critical reflection competency program was effective in improving the critical thinking disposition and teaching efficacy of nurse educators. Therefore, it is necessary to implement the developed program for nurse educators to effectively utilize critical reflection in nursing education.

Rise of Faculty Scholars: Building Capacity for a Stronger Future. Chiropractic Educators Research Forum (CERF), December 3, 2022.

This conference was convened by the Chiropractic Educators Research Forum (CERF) on December 3, 2022. This meeting provided a forum for the presentation of scholarly works in education theory and practice. This conference specifically focused on research related to education research and building faculty scholarship and research capacity. During the December 2022 CERF meeting, presenters and panelists took an in-depth look at education research and how chiropractic programs work to enhance research and scholarship capacity.

What is the concordance between parent- and education professional-reported adaptive functioning in autistic children using the VABS-II?

Adaptive functioning of autistic children is traditionally measured through informant-report, often from parents. Behaviour varies across settings though, and context-specific reports should be considered. Limited and inconsistent results show low parent-education professional concordance, but no research has yet explored item level response variation. We investigated Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales-II concordance using 233 lower ability autistic children from the PACT-G sample. Domain and item level agreement was low, but better on objectively measured behaviours. Higher child nonverbal ability improved concordance. Where disagreements occurred, education professionals identified emergent skills more and parents were more likely to rate present/absent. Parents and education professionals view the adaptive abilities of autistic children differently and both should be considered when developing personalised interventions and support.

Nurses' motivations and desired learning outcomes of postgraduate critical care studies: A descriptive exploratory study.

BACKGROUND: Education guidelines and professional practice standards inform the design of postgraduate critical care nursing curricula to develop safety and quality competencies for high-quality care in complex environments. Alignment between nurses' motivations for undertaking postgraduate critical care education, and intended course learning outcomes, may impact students' success and satisfaction with programs. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to explore nurses' motivations and desired learning outcomes on commencement of a postgraduate critical care course and determine how these align with safety and quality professional attributes. METHODS: In this exploratory descriptive study, qualitative data were extracted from survey responses of four cohorts of students enrolled in a graduate certificate-level critical care course between 2013 and 2016 (N = 390, 93%), at one Australian university. Summative qualitative content analysis was used to code and quantify textual content followed by synthesis to identify themes and subthemes. RESULTS: Five themes of motivations were identified: (i) Knowledge development; (ii) Skill development, (iii) Personal outcomes, (iv) Personal professional behaviours, and (v) Interpersonal professional behaviours. Most frequently, students' motivations and desired learning outcomes included 'Understanding' (329 participants [84%], 652 references), 'Development of technical skills' (241 participants [62%], 384 references), 'Development of confidence' (178 participants [46%], 220 references), and 'Career progression' (149 participants [38%], 168 references). Less frequent were motivations related to safety and quality competencies including teamwork, communication, reflective practice, and research skills. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest students' motivations to undertake postgraduate studies most often related to acquisition of new knowledge and technical skills. Desired skills and behaviours were consistent with many, but not all, of the key course outcomes and attributes specified by health professional education guidelines and nurses' professional practice standards. Understanding the differences between students' motivations and desired safety- and quality-related course learning outcomes informs course orientation, teaching activities, and student support to optimise achievement of essential learning outcomes.

Information literacy of matriculating chiropractic students assessed via research readiness survey.

OBJECTIVE: We developed a Research Readiness Survey (RRS) to identify students' information literacy needs prior to instruction by a team of faculty members and librarians in our doctor of chiropractic program clinical research literacy courses. In addition to describing students' responses to our RRS, we explored associations between (1) students' overall performance on the RRS and their prior earned degrees and (2) their self-reported ability and performance on questions pertaining to evaluating information quality (standard 3 of the Association of College and Research Libraries [ACRL] Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education). METHODS: The RRS is composed of 50 questions, of which 22 pertain to information literacy knowledge assessment per ACRL standards. We calculated means and standard deviations for summary scores on 4 ACRL standards and for a total RRS score. We used analysis of variance to assess whether standard 3 scores differed by students' self-reported ability to judge health information quality and whether there was an association between total RRS scores and students' previously earned degrees. RESULTS: In 2017-2018, 245 students (70% of matriculates) completed the RRS. Students performed best on standard 3 (average score 67%) and worst on standard 2, the ability to access information (average score = 59%). Students who reported an average ability to judge information quality had higher standard 3 scores than students who reported poor ability (p = .003). Students with bachelor's degrees had higher total RRS scores than students with associate's degrees (p = .004). CONCLUSION: Matriculating students had the most difficulty with accessing information, supporting the need to include librarians on the teaching team.

Competencias en ecografía clínica, una necesidad inaplazable para los cuidados intensivos / Skills in clinical ultrasound, an urgent need for intensive care

Introducción: la ecografía es una herramienta fundamental en la asistencia al paciente crítico. La incorporación de la ecografía clínica al trabajo de los intensivistas y emergencistas debe ser validada a través del desempeño; por tanto, se hace necesario el desarrollo de las competencias profesionales en este ámbito. Objetivo: exponer los elementos teóricos derivados del desarrollo científico-técnico que fundamentan las competencias en ecografía clínica. Métodos: se realizó un análisis crítico reflexivo sobre el contenido de la bibliografía revisada. Se accedió a libros y artículos científicos de revistas indexadas en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Medscape, SciELO, y Medline, fueron seleccionados 25 artículos científicos con suficiente calidad y actualidad, en su mayoría, de los últimos cinco años y pertinentes para el estudio. Se utilizaron las palabras claves: ecografía clínica, competencias, cuidados intensivos, ultrasonido de urgencia y educación médica. Desarrollo: la ausencia del enfoque por competencias en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la ecografía clínica constituye una barrera para lograr la generalización de esta técnica en las unidades de cuidados intensivos y áreas de emergencias. La introducción de la ecografía clínica en cuidados intensivos debe tener un enfoque de educación basada en competencias en la educación de pregrado y posgrado con un programa estructurado, certificado y validado por los estándares internacionales. Conclusiones: es imprescindible que se universalice y haga sostenible la utilidad y necesidad de este enfoque, su realización y continuidad en el tiempo, a través de la educación permanente y continuada.

Introduction: ultrasound is a fundamental tool in critical patient care. The incorporation of clinical ultrasound into the work of intensivists and emergencies must be validated through performance; therefore, it is necessary to develop professional skills in this area. Objective: to present the theoretical elements derived from the scientific-technical development that support the competencies in clinical ultrasound. Methods: a reflective critical analysis was carried out on the content of the reviewed bibliography. Books and scientific articles from journals indexed in the PubMed, Scopus, Medscape, SciELO, and Medline databases were accessed, 25 scientific articles were selected with sufficient quality and topicality, mostly from the last five years and with relevance in the study. The keywords were used: clinical ultrasound, skills, intensive care, emergency ultrasound and medical education. Development: the absence of the competency-based approach in the teaching and learning of clinical ultrasound constitutes a barrier to achieve the generalization of this technique in intensive care units and emergency areas. The introduction of clinical ultrasound in intensive care must have a competency-based education approach in undergraduate and postgraduate education with a structured program, certified and validated by international standards. Conclusions: it is essential that the usefulness and necessity of this approach, its implementation and continuity over time, be universalized and made sustainable through permanent and continuous education.

Interdisciplinariedad y prevención de enfermedades profesionales en el desempeño profesional pedagógico en posgrado / Interdisciplinarity and prevention of occupational diseases in postgraduate pedagogical professional performance

Fundamento: el tema del desempeño profesional pedagógico, vinculado a la prevención de enfermedades profesionales, debe tratarse en posgrado desde un posicionamiento interdisciplinario a partir de las necesidades existentes en la práctica educativa. Objetivo: diseñar un sistema de talleres para la optimización del desempeño profesional pedagógico en el tratamiento interdisciplinario sobre la prevención de enfermedades profesionales. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de tipo descriptiva, longitudinal y retrospectiva, comprendida en el período de septiembre 2021 a enero 2022 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas; los métodos teóricos aplicados fueron el análisis-síntesis, el histórico-lógico y la modelación; entre los empíricos: la encuesta a docentes y la técnica del grupo focal. Además, se realizó la consulta a especialistas para obtener criterios valorativos. Se utilizó el análisis porcentual para el procesamiento y presentación de los resultados. Resultados: fueron estructurados los contenidos fundamentales del sistema de talleres y se concibieron las orientaciones metodológicas para su implementación práctica. Además, se conformó un criterio valorativo sobre su pertinencia a partir de la consulta a especialistas. Se identificó una satisfacción en los docentes participantes en los talleres, quienes le atribuyeron elevada significación para la optimización del desempeño profesional pedagógico en el tratamiento interdisciplinario a la prevención de enfermedades profesionales. Conclusiones: el diseño del sistema de talleres evidenció, a partir del criterio de especialistas y los resultados de la implementación práctica, potencialidades para la optimización del desempeño profesional pedagógico de posgrado en correspondencia con el objetivo propuesto.

Background: the topic of postgraduate pedagogical professional performance, linked to the prevention of occupational diseases, must be treated from an interdisciplinary position based on the existing needs in educational practice. Objective: to design a system of workshops for the optimization of postgraduate pedagogical professional performance in interdisciplinary treatment for the prevention of occupational diseases. Methods: a descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective investigation was carried out, from September 2021 to January 2022 at Matanzas University of Medical Sciences; The theoretical methods applied were analysis-synthesis, historical-logical, and modeling; among the empirical ones: the teacher survey and the focal group technique. In addition, specialists were consulted to obtain evaluative criteria. Percentage analysis was used for the processing and presentation of the results. Results: the fundamental contents of the workshop system were structured and the methodological guidelines for its practical implementation were conceived. In addition, an evaluative criterion was formed on its relevance from the consultation with specialists. Satisfaction was identified in the teachers participating in the workshops, who attributed high significance to the optimization of professional pedagogical performance in the interdisciplinary treatment of the prevention of occupational diseases. Conclusions: the design of the workshop system evidenced potentialities for the optimization of postgraduate pedagogical professional performance in correspondence with the proposed objective, according to the criteria of specialists and the results of the practical implementation.

Estrategia de enseñanza independiente y aprendizaje significativo en estudiantes farmacéuticos de Hospital Rebagliati. Lima, 2022 / Independent teaching strategy and meaningful learning in pharmaceutical students at Rebagliati. Hospital Lima, 2022

Fundamento: la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en todas sus modalidades son indispensables para el desarrollo efectivo de las competencias profesionales, por lo que enfatizar en diversas apreciaciones de enseñanza independiente, permite generar un aprendizaje más significativo en los estudiantes de especialidades farmacéuticas. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la estrategia de aprendizaje independiente y el aprendizaje significativo en estudiantes de un diplomado en Farmacia en un Hospital de Lima Metropolitana, 2022. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de metodología prospectiva, correlacional y transversal dirigido a un enfoque cuantitativo en el Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins durante 2022. Se emplearon métodos teóricos, empíricos: cuestionarios, y matemático estadísticos: análisis de baremos para la comprensión de los resultados estadísticos. Resultados: se pudo determinar que las nuevas doctrinas sobre la enseñanza independiente presentaron, en cuanto al rendimiento académico: una disminución entre el pretest y postest de un 3.8 %; sin embargo, en el análisis actitudinal frente a las nuevas estrategias de enseñanza, se apreció un aumento considerable entre ambos, mediante el análisis de Likert de un 12.4 %; se determinó de igual modo una correlación positiva elevada de .829", con una significancia bilateral menor a 0.05. Conclusiones: la enseñanza independiente a través de las nuevas metodologías es efectiva para el aprendizaje significativo en los estudiantes que participaron en el diplomado en Farmacia.

Background: teaching and learning in all its modalities are essential for the effective development of professional skills, so emphasizing various assessments of independent teaching allows generating more meaningful learning in students of pharmaceutical specialties. Objective: to determine the relationship between the independent learning strategy and meaningful learning in students of a Pharmacy diploma course at a Hospital in Metropolitan Lima, 2022. Methods: a prospective, correlational, and cross-sectional methodology investigation was carried out aimed at a quantitative approach at the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins Hospital during 2022. Theoretical, empirical methods were used: questionnaires, and statistical mathematical: analysis of scales for understanding the statistical results. . Results: it was possible to determine that the new doctrines on independent teaching presented, in terms of academic performance: a decrease between the pretest and posttest of 3.8%; however, in the attitudinal analysis towards the new teaching strategies, a considerable increase was observed between the two, through the Likert analysis of 12.4%; Similarly, a high positive correlation of .829" was determined, with a bilateral significance of less than 0.05. Conclusions: independent teaching through the new methodologies is effective for meaningful learning in students who participated in the Pharmacy diploma course.

Aplicación del trabajo con proyectos en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la historia en la universidad cubana / Application of work with projects in the teaching-learning of history in the Cuban university

Fundamento: los estudios del inglés en Cuba, en su transición del currículo "D" al "E" experimentaron un proceso de reorganización con nuevas asignaturas y otras eliminadas. Esto ha generado un problema a resolver para mantener la calidad del proceso formativo. Objetivo: fundamentar la aplicación del trabajo con proyectos para mejorar la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Historia de los Estados Unidos. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo en la Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas en el año 2022. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis para analizar la bibliografía relacionada con el tema, así como el histórico-lógico y la inducción-deducción; empíricos: análisis de documentos para analizar el diseño actual del currículo de la asignatura, entrevistas y cuestionario a cuatro profesores y 28 estudiantes de tercero y quinto años de la carrera Lengua Inglesa, para fundamentar la pertinencia del tema. Resultados: profesores y alumnos coinciden en que los trabajos con proyectos podrían mejorar el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje, porque son atractivos, promueven el trabajo en equipo y consideran las necesidades de los alumnos, así como los requerimientos del plan de estudios. Se aportaron algunas sugerencias didácticas, como el empleo de recursos multimedia, líneas del tiempo, presentaciones en power point, diccionarios históricos y carteles educativos. Conclusiones: las propuestas didácticas de aplicación del trabajo con proyectos resultó atractiva entre docentes y estudiantes para motivar e incrementar el estudio de la historia de Estados Unidos, como país hablante del inglés, en una asignatura del plan de estudio de la carrera de Licenciatura en Lengua Inglesa.

Background: English studies in Cuba, in their transition from the "D" to "E" curriculum, underwent a reorganization process with new subjects and others eliminated. This has generated a problem to be solved in order to maintain the quality of the training process. Objective: to base the application of the work with projects to improve the teaching-learning of the History of the United States. Methods: A descriptive research with a qualitative approach was carried out at the "Marta Abreu" Central University of Las Villas in 2022. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis to analyze the bibliography related to the subject, as well as the historical-logical and induction-deduction; Empirical ones: analysis of documents to analyze the current design of the curriculum of the subject, interviews and questionnaire to four professors and 28 third and fifth year students of the English Language degree, to support the relevance of the topic. Results: teachers and students agree that project work could improve the teaching-learning process, because they are attractive, promote teamwork and consider the needs of the students, as well as the requirements of the study plan. Some didactic suggestions were provided, such as the use of multimedia resources, time lines, power point presentations, historical dictionaries and educational posters. Conclusions: the didactic proposals to apply the work with projects were attractive among teachers and students, to motivate and increase the study of the history of the United States, as an English-speaking country, in a subject of the study plan of the Bachelor's Degree in English language.